反应釜布置设计的要点
发布日期:2024-07-03
阅读量:806

  化工生产过程当中,尤其是一些精细化工整企业当中会遇到反应釜。反应釜是进行化学反应的关键设备和核心设备之一,其在化工反应过程中的用量是比较大的。

  反应釜通常是设置在车间内的,因此反应釜的空间位置往往是受限的。这主要是由于化工生产车间通常情况下为甲类车间,甲类车间的面积受防火分区的影响,通常具有较小的面积,因此反应釜所在的空间区域是有限的。

  反应釜的设置布置与大化工当中的装置布置有一定的不同,相比于大化工的装置来说,反应釜占据的车间面积有限。需要精细规划每一个反应釜和反应流程中设备的位置。因此反应釜如何布局,如何设置以及设置的一些注意事项也是化工厂中化工工程师们的一项重要工作内容。布局的优劣直接影响到操作的方便性,操作的效率,甚至影响到装置寿命和安全性。

  反应釜有一系列的附属设施,在设计反应釜位置和布局时,需要考虑这些附属设施。根据其用途和功能,附属设施分为几大部分:

  1、加热降温用的装置。通常为反应釜的加热和降温配套的管道、阀门、仪表等。

  2、反应釜的动力装置,通常为搅拌、电机及配套的减速机。

  3、反应釜的加料装置。主要为配套的管道、阀门、仪表等。

  4、反应釜的出料装置。主要为配套的管道、阀门、仪表等。

  5、反应釜的安全辅助设施。安全阀、爆破片以及紧急切断、泄放装置等。

  反应釜的设置时需要考虑有主要的因素有:

  1、反应釜所在位置的层高

  由于搅拌、机架、减速机、电机的存在,反应釜在釜体之上往往会有很高的一部分。如果反应釜所在的层高不足,那么可能会导致反应釜无法安装在这一层之内。

  层高不仅仅要考虑安装和正常运行时的情况,还需要考虑更换、维修时的情况。比如:需要更换搅拌时,需要足够的层高,以确保搅拌能够从反应釜中抽出更换或维修。

  2、反应釜的吊装装置或预留位置

  由于反应釜有需要更换、维修的可能,因此需要吊装操作。操作时,需要在车间内设置固定的或者是临时的吊装设施,以确保能够在维修更换时将反应釜或附件吊出。通常采用固定的吊装设备或预留临时的安装设备安装位点。

  3、反应釜的操作高度

  通常情况下,有一些反应釜还需要进行开关阀门或者是加料、取样等一系列的操作,这些操作需要在一定的高度上进行,通常情况这个操作高度要符合人体工程学,尽可能的方便人员操作,采用最合适的操作体位等。通常情况下,操作位置的高度建议为800mm。如果操作位置的高度过高,操作不方便时,需要设立操作平台,这种平台可以是临时的,也是可以是固定的。

  4、反应釜间距

  同反应釜高度一样,反应釜与反应釜、周围其它设备之间也要留有一定的空间,一方面方便人员进行巡检和日常保养维护。另一方面也方便后期维修更换时的安装和拆卸操作。

  5、反应釜的观察及操作面

  反应釜要尽可能的排列在条线上,而且要确保反应釜的操作保持在同一个方向上。而且这个方向上有足够的人员行走通道。

  例如:将反应釜的温度、压力等现场显示的仪表朝向同一个方向,将这些仪表尽可能的安排在相近位置,同时将需要操作的位置(如加料口、取样口、操作阀门等)也放在同一个操作方向上,方便人员巡检以及操作。

  通常情况下,反应釜前的人员操作通道要大于1.2米。

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  6、反应釜的支撑方式

  通常情况下,反应釜是用耳座的方式支撑在横梁上的,横梁通常为钢梁,也有的是混凝土梁。但是对于超重的设备或者是震动幅度比较大的设备,采用耳座直接固定在横梁上的方式并不适合。

  一方面,支撑超重的设备需要的横梁的强度和刚度都比较高,需要的成本较高。

  另一方面,高振动的设备在运转时,产生的强烈震动会对建筑本身产生危害,从而需要提高建筑设计的强度和刚度,导致建设成本的升高。

  因此,在这两种情况下,可以将反应釜以支腿的方式立在地面基础上。地面基础能够承载足够重的反应釜,满足城中要求,同时还可以减少振动,降低振动对装置整体的影响。

  7、相同类型、相同用途的反应器应尽可能的排布在一起。尽可能的规则的排成一列,反应釜之间的仪表以及管道的排布尽可能相同。

  8、下方净空的要求

  如果反应釜下方需要行走车辆时,反应釜底下方的净空空间高度尽可能的高,通常情况下应当高于叉车的高度,建议三米。

  如果下方经常有人通过时,需要考虑人员通过的净空高度,尽可能的要高于1.8米。

  如果人员通过的频率不高或无人员通过时高度可以降低。

  9、如果采用重力方式自流加料或排料时。上下两装置之前之间的压力高度差要足够,通常情况下高度差不能小于一米。

  10、对于采用重力自流方式加料或排料的,在设计时要考虑气压平衡

  通常情况下采用平衡管或者是采用其他的方式确保两设备之间的气压平衡,以避免由于两者之间存在的压差导致流体无法顺利流动。

  除了上述所提到的因素之外,反应釜的布置及设计需要考虑多方面的因素,我们要在实际的生产过程当中不断的积累适合自己企业的方式和方法,形成一整套完整的资料,起到举一反三作用,从而方便后续的设计。金宗企业拥有20多年反应釜生产研发及工程设计安装经验,欲了解更多详情,欢迎了解我们!

专栏:技术交流
作者: JZ
原文链接: 阅读原文
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FreeMarker template error (HTML_DEBUG mode; use RETHROW in production!)

The following has evaluated to null or missing:
==> langConfig  [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 14]

----
Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing</#if>. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)??
----

----
FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
	- Failed at: #if langConfig.status?string = "false"  [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 9]
	- Reached through: #include "/public_include/wap/module/...  [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/com_5.html" at line 5, column 1]
	- Reached through: #include "com_5.html"  [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/displaynews.html" at line 69, column 6]
----

Java stack trace (for programmers):
----
freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...]
	at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134)
	at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.newDesciptionBuilder(UnexpectedTypeException.java:80)
	at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.<init>(UnexpectedTypeException.java:43)
	at freemarker.core.NonHashException.<init>(NonHashException.java:49)
	at freemarker.core.Dot._eval(Dot.java:48)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81)
	at freemarker.core.BuiltInsForMultipleTypes$stringBI._eval(BuiltInsForMultipleTypes.java:692)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81)
	at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.compare(EvalUtil.java:111)
	at freemarker.core.ComparisonExpression.evalToBoolean(ComparisonExpression.java:62)
	at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:48)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509)
	at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509)
	at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:306)
	at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.processEnvironment(FreemarkerServlet.java:946)
	at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.process(FreemarkerServlet.java:910)
	at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.doGet(FreemarkerServlet.java:769)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:292)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at com.kenfor.iyong.web.util.filter.NotAllowedToTunFilesFilter.doFilter(NotAllowedToTunFilesFilter.java:154)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at com.kenfor.iyong.web.util.filter.InvalidXSSFilter.doFilter(InvalidXSSFilter.java:40)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:121)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:212)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106)
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502)
	at com.orangefunction.tomcat.redissessions.RedisSessionHandlerValve.invoke(RedisSessionHandlerValve.java:26)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:141)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:616)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:528)
	at org.apache.coyote.ajp.AbstractAjpProcessor.process(AbstractAjpProcessor.java:873)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:687)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1520)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1476)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

FreeMarker template error: The following has evaluated to null or missing: ==> langConfig [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 14] ---- Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)?? ---- ---- FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related): - Failed at: #if langConfig.status?string = "false" [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 9] - Reached through: #include "/public_include/wap/module/... [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/com_5.html" at line 5, column 1] - Reached through: #include "com_5.html" [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/displaynews.html" at line 69, column 6] ---- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---- freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134) at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.newDesciptionBuilder(UnexpectedTypeException.java:80) at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.(UnexpectedTypeException.java:43) at freemarker.core.NonHashException.(NonHashException.java:49) at freemarker.core.Dot._eval(Dot.java:48) at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81) at freemarker.core.BuiltInsForMultipleTypes$stringBI._eval(BuiltInsForMultipleTypes.java:692) at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.compare(EvalUtil.java:111) at freemarker.core.ComparisonExpression.evalToBoolean(ComparisonExpression.java:62) at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:48) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333) at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509) at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333) at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509) at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:306) at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.processEnvironment(FreemarkerServlet.java:946) at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.process(FreemarkerServlet.java:910) at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.doGet(FreemarkerServlet.java:769) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:292) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at com.kenfor.iyong.web.util.filter.NotAllowedToTunFilesFilter.doFilter(NotAllowedToTunFilesFilter.java:154) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at com.kenfor.iyong.web.util.filter.InvalidXSSFilter.doFilter(InvalidXSSFilter.java:40) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:121) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:212) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502) at com.orangefunction.tomcat.redissessions.RedisSessionHandlerValve.invoke(RedisSessionHandlerValve.java:26) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:141) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79) at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:616) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:528) at org.apache.coyote.ajp.AbstractAjpProcessor.process(AbstractAjpProcessor.java:873) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:687) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1520) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1476) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)