反渗透纯水设备的技术原理与结构组成详析
发布日期：2024-04-03
阅读量：895
引言
反渗透纯水设备是一种广泛应用在家庭饮用水净化、工业纯水制造、医疗用水制备、实验室超纯水生产等诸多领域的高效水处理装置。其核心技术基于反渗透（Reverse Osmosis, RO）原理，能够有效地从原水中分离出几乎所有的溶解性固体、有机物、微生物和大部分离子，从而获得近乎纯度极高的水。
下面，有着20多年水处理设备生产设计研发经验的金宗企业，为大家详细介绍反渗透纯水设备的技术原理以及结构组成。
反渗透纯水设备的工作原理
反渗透纯水技术的核心在于半透膜的选择性透过特性。在自然界中，水分子会在浓度差异的作用下通过半透膜从低浓度区域向高浓度区域自然渗透。而在反渗透过程中，通过外部施加高于自然渗透压的压力，使得水分子逆着自然渗透的方向通过半透膜，即从高浓度一侧流向低浓度一侧，而大多数溶质如无机盐、重金属离子、有机物、细菌、病毒等则由于尺寸或电荷原因被膜所阻挡，从而实现水的深度净化。
反渗透纯水设备的结构组成
典型的反渗透纯水设备主要包括以下几个关键部分：
1. 原水预处理系统：
o 原水箱：储存未经处理的原水。
o 原水泵：提供足够的压力以驱动水流通过整个处理系统。
o 机械过滤器：用于去除水中的悬浮颗粒、泥沙、铁锈等较大颗粒物。
o 活性炭过滤器：吸附水中的余氯、异味、部分有机物和色素。
o 保安过滤器：又称精密过滤器，进一步滤除更微小的颗粒物，保护后续的反渗透膜不受损害。
2. 反渗透纯化系统：
o 反渗透膜组件：这是设备的核心部件，通常由数十至数百个反渗透膜元件构成，每个元件内部包含有高效的半透膜，允许只有水分子及其少数小分子通过。
o 增压泵：为反渗透过程提供所需的压力，确保水分子得以克服渗透压并透过膜。
o 膜壳：用于固定和保护反渗透膜元件，并为水流提供通道。
3. 控制系统：
o 控制系统电路：包括传感器、控制器和执行机构等，负责监测水质、压力、流量等参数，并根据设定值自动调节设备运行状态，实现全自动控制和远程监控功能。
4. 后处理系统：
o 在需要更高纯度水的应用场合，反渗透纯水设备可能还包括超纯化后处理系统，例如离子交换柱、紫外线消毒器、终端微滤器等，以进一步提升水的纯度和降低TOC（总有机碳）含量。
总结
反渗透纯水设备通过科学合理的结构设计和先进的反渗透技术，实现了对水资源的高度净化与再利用。凭借其优良的脱盐性能、较高的水回收率和智能化的操作管理，已成为现代水处理领域不可或缺的关键技术装备。随着科技的进步，反渗透纯水设备不断优化升级，不仅提高了工作效率，而且降低了运行成本，对于解决水资源短缺和保障水质安全问题具有重要意义。
专栏：技术交流
原文链接：
阅读原文
上一页：均质乳化机的工作原理及其结构组成
下一页：深入解析反应釜的工作原理及其构成
FreeMarker template error (HTML_DEBUG mode; use RETHROW in production!)
The following has evaluated to null or missing:
==> langConfig [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 14]
----
Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing</#if>. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)??
----
----
FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
- Failed at: #if langConfig.status?string = "false" [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 9]
- Reached through: #include "/public_include/wap/module/... [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/com_5.html" at line 5, column 1]
- Reached through: #include "com_5.html" [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/displaynews.html" at line 69, column 6]
----
Java stack trace (for programmers):
----
freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...]
at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134)
at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.newDesciptionBuilder(UnexpectedTypeException.java:80)
at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.<init>(UnexpectedTypeException.java:43)
at freemarker.core.NonHashException.<init>(NonHashException.java:49)
at freemarker.core.Dot._eval(Dot.java:48)
at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81)
at freemarker.core.BuiltInsForMultipleTypes$stringBI._eval(BuiltInsForMultipleTypes.java:692)
at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81)
at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.compare(EvalUtil.java:111)
at freemarker.core.ComparisonExpression.evalToBoolean(ComparisonExpression.java:62)
at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:48)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333)
at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509)
at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333)
at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509)
at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333)
at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:306)
at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.processEnvironment(FreemarkerServlet.java:946)
at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.process(FreemarkerServlet.java:910)
at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.doGet(FreemarkerServlet.java:769)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:292)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
at com.kenfor.iyong.web.util.filter.NotAllowedToTunFilesFilter.doFilter(NotAllowedToTunFilesFilter.java:154)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
at com.kenfor.iyong.web.util.filter.InvalidXSSFilter.doFilter(InvalidXSSFilter.java:40)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:121)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:212)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502)
at com.orangefunction.tomcat.redissessions.RedisSessionHandlerValve.invoke(RedisSessionHandlerValve.java:26)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:141)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:616)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:528)
at org.apache.coyote.ajp.AbstractAjpProcessor.process(AbstractAjpProcessor.java:873)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:687)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1520)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1476)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)