中药的提纯和浓缩工艺有哪些？
发布日期：2024-03-13
阅读量：656
中药的提纯和浓缩工艺包括以下几种：
常压蒸发浓缩：在大气压下加热使溶剂气化，从而增加溶质的浓度，适用于有效成分热稳定、溶剂无毒无害的情况。但该方法存在加热时间长、温度高、均匀性差等缺点，对于热敏性或挥发性成分不太适用。
减压蒸发浓缩：又称真空蒸发，通过在蒸发器内形成一定的真空度，从而降低溶液的沸点，进行沸腾蒸发操作。由于溶液沸点降低，能防止或减少热敏成分的分解，增加传热温度差，强化蒸发操作。但该方法存在耗能增加的问题。
薄膜蒸发浓缩：通过加热使溶液在薄膜上蒸发，从而使溶剂气化并收集，达到浓缩的目的。该方法适用于工业化生产，但需要严格控制操作条件。
冷冻浓缩：利用冰与水溶液之间固液相平衡原理的一种浓缩方法。根据结晶方式的不同，可分为悬浮结晶冷冻浓缩和渐进冷冻浓缩。该方法适用于对热敏性或挥发性成分进行浓缩，但需要控制好结晶条件和时间。
超临界流体萃取法：利用超临界流体的高渗透能力和高溶解能力，将中药材中的有效成分萃取出来。该方法适用于难溶于水的中药材提取，具有高效率、低能耗、无污染等优点。
膜分离技术：利用膜的分离功能，将中药材中的有效成分或杂质分离出来。该方法适用于工业化生产，具有高效、节能、环保等优点。
超微粉碎技术：将中药材粉碎成微米或纳米级别的颗粒，从而提高其表面积和溶解度，达到高效提取和浓缩的目的。
此外，中药的提纯和浓缩工艺还包括旋流提取法、加压逆流提取法、酶法、大孔树脂吸附法、超滤法、分子蒸馏法等。这些方法具有各自的特点和适用范围，需要根据具体中药材和工艺条件进行选择和应用。
金宗企业有20多年制药设备生产研发设计经验，可为用户提供各类制药工程设计，设备选型指南，设备机械加工，设备安装及交钥匙工程，欢迎大家前来参观指导咨询！
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==> langConfig [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 14]
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Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing</#if>. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)??
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FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
- Failed at: #if langConfig.status?string = "false" [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 9]
- Reached through: #include "/public_include/wap/module/... [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/com_5.html" at line 5, column 1]
- Reached through: #include "com_5.html" [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/displaynews.html" at line 69, column 6]
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Java stack trace (for programmers):
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freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...]
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