反应釜停留时间的计算方法和影响因素
发布日期:2024-02-22
阅读量:945

停留时间是指物料在反应釜内停留的时间,是影响反应釜反应效果的重要参数。停留时间的长短会影响反应的进展情况,进而影响化工生产的效率和质量。有着20多年反应釜生产研发经验的金宗企业,来给大家介绍下相关的知识,收藏好以后备用!

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一、停留时间影响因素
1、反应釜的容积大小,容积越小停留时间越短;
2、物料的物理化学性质,如密度、粘度和流变性等对停留时间也有一定的影响,不同物料的停留时间可能存在较大差异;
3、反应釜的搅拌强度,强度越大停留时间越短;
4、反应温度等反应条件的控制等都会影响停留时间。
二、停留时间计算方法
反应釜停留时间的计算关键在于理论容积的确定,理论容积是指反应釜中最大容纳反应物的容积。停留时间的计算公式如下:
停留时间=理论容积/进料流量
其中,理论容积=反应釜净容积×装填系数
系数一般取0.7~0.8之间,要考虑物料冒泡,液位计误差等,一些特殊的物料系数只能取到0.5,比如一些反应过程中有气体产生脱除,需要较大脱挥空间的反应。
假设反应釜净容积为1m³,系数取0.75,进料流量为0.1m³/h,则停留时间为:
停留时间=1×0.75/0.1=7.5h
应该指出,停留时间的计算是一种理论预估,实际生产中可能会因为物料不均匀流动、排放等现象导致停留时间的变化。
三、影响停留时间的措施
为了确保反应釜的生产效率和质量,需要采取以下措施:
1、在采购反应釜时,根据实际生产需求选择适当的容积;
2、定期检查反应釜内的物理化学参数,确保物料的准确性;
3、根据反应物的性质确定适当的搅拌强度,确保物料充分混合;
4、按照实验室测试结果确定适当的反应温度和反应条件;
5、对反应釜进行定期维护保养,确保设备正常运转;
6、在反应釜内增加挡板折返,可延长物料在反应器内的停留时间;
7、可通过调节物料液位,控制停留时间,如提高液位,可延长停留时间;
8、可通过调节出口阀开度,提高或降低物料流量来控制停留时间。
本文介绍了反应釜停留时间的计算方法和停留时间的影响因素,同时讲解了如何采取措施确保反应釜生产效率和质量。在实际生产中,应该根据不同的反应物和反应条件进行具体情况分析,准确计算停留时间,以确保反应效果的实现。
专栏:技术交流
作者: JZ
原文链接: 阅读原文
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FreeMarker template error (HTML_DEBUG mode; use RETHROW in production!)

The following has evaluated to null or missing:
==> langConfig  [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 14]

----
Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing</#if>. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)??
----

----
FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
	- Failed at: #if langConfig.status?string = "false"  [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 9]
	- Reached through: #include "/public_include/wap/module/...  [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/com_5.html" at line 5, column 1]
	- Reached through: #include "com_5.html"  [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/displaynews.html" at line 69, column 6]
----

Java stack trace (for programmers):
----
freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...]
	at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134)
	at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.newDesciptionBuilder(UnexpectedTypeException.java:80)
	at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.<init>(UnexpectedTypeException.java:43)
	at freemarker.core.NonHashException.<init>(NonHashException.java:49)
	at freemarker.core.Dot._eval(Dot.java:48)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81)
	at freemarker.core.BuiltInsForMultipleTypes$stringBI._eval(BuiltInsForMultipleTypes.java:692)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81)
	at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.compare(EvalUtil.java:111)
	at freemarker.core.ComparisonExpression.evalToBoolean(ComparisonExpression.java:62)
	at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:48)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509)
	at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509)
	at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:306)
	at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.processEnvironment(FreemarkerServlet.java:946)
	at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.process(FreemarkerServlet.java:910)
	at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.doGet(FreemarkerServlet.java:769)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:292)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at com.kenfor.iyong.web.util.filter.NotAllowedToTunFilesFilter.doFilter(NotAllowedToTunFilesFilter.java:154)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at com.kenfor.iyong.web.util.filter.InvalidXSSFilter.doFilter(InvalidXSSFilter.java:40)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:121)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:212)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106)
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502)
	at com.orangefunction.tomcat.redissessions.RedisSessionHandlerValve.invoke(RedisSessionHandlerValve.java:26)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:141)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:616)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:528)
	at org.apache.coyote.ajp.AbstractAjpProcessor.process(AbstractAjpProcessor.java:873)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:687)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1520)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1476)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

FreeMarker template error: The following has evaluated to null or missing: ==> langConfig [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 14] ---- Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)?? ---- ---- FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related): - Failed at: #if langConfig.status?string = "false" [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 9] - Reached through: #include "/public_include/wap/module/... [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/com_5.html" at line 5, column 1] - Reached through: #include "com_5.html" [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/displaynews.html" at line 69, column 6] ---- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---- freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134) at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.newDesciptionBuilder(UnexpectedTypeException.java:80) at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.(UnexpectedTypeException.java:43) at freemarker.core.NonHashException.(NonHashException.java:49) at freemarker.core.Dot._eval(Dot.java:48) at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81) at freemarker.core.BuiltInsForMultipleTypes$stringBI._eval(BuiltInsForMultipleTypes.java:692) at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.compare(EvalUtil.java:111) at freemarker.core.ComparisonExpression.evalToBoolean(ComparisonExpression.java:62) at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:48) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333) at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509) at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333) at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509) at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:306) at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.processEnvironment(FreemarkerServlet.java:946) at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.process(FreemarkerServlet.java:910) at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.doGet(FreemarkerServlet.java:769) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:292) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at com.kenfor.iyong.web.util.filter.NotAllowedToTunFilesFilter.doFilter(NotAllowedToTunFilesFilter.java:154) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at com.kenfor.iyong.web.util.filter.InvalidXSSFilter.doFilter(InvalidXSSFilter.java:40) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:121) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:212) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502) at com.orangefunction.tomcat.redissessions.RedisSessionHandlerValve.invoke(RedisSessionHandlerValve.java:26) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:141) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79) at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:616) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:528) at org.apache.coyote.ajp.AbstractAjpProcessor.process(AbstractAjpProcessor.java:873) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:687) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1520) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1476) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)