混合机的分类及展示
发布日期：2015-09-21
阅读量：2108
常见的混合机分为气体和低粘度液体混合器、中高粘度液体和膏状物混合机械、热塑性物料混合机、粉状与粒状固体物料混合机械四大类。
混合机械
气体和低粘度液体混合器特点是结构简单，且无转动部件，维护检修量小，能耗低。这类混合机械又分为气流搅拌、管道混合、射流混合和强制循环混合等四种。
膏状物混合机械
中、高黏度液体和膏状物的混合机械一般具有强的剪切作用。
热塑性的物料混合机械
热塑性的物料混合机械主要用于热塑性物料(如橡胶和塑料)与添加剂混合;粉状、粒状固体物料混合机械多为间歇操作，也包括兼有混合和研磨作用的机械，如轮辗机等。
混合时要求所有参与混合的物料均匀分布。混合的程度分为理想混合、随机混合和完全不相混三种状态。各种物料在混合机械中的混合程度，取决于待混物料的比例、物理状态和特性，以及所用混合机械的类型和混合操作持续的时间等因素。
液体的混合主要靠机械搅拌器、气流和待混液体的射流等，使待混物料受到搅动，以达到均匀混合。搅动引起部分液体流动，流动液体又推动其周围的液体，结果在溶器内形成循环液流，由此产生的液体之间的扩散称为主体对流扩散。当搅动引起的液体流动速度很高时，在高速液流与周围低速液流之间的界面上出现剪切作用，从而产生大量的局部性漩涡。这些漩涡迅速向四周扩散，又把更多的液体卷进漩涡中来，在小范围内形成的紊乱对流扩散称为涡流扩散。
机械搅拌器的运动部件在旋转时也会对液体产生剪切作用，液体在流经器壁和安装在容器内的各种固定构件时，也要受到剪切作用，这些剪切作用都会引起许多局部涡流扩散。
对于密度、成分不同、互不相溶的液体，搅拌产生的剪切作用和强烈的湍动将密度大的液体撕碎成小液滴并使其均匀地分散到主液体中。搅拌产生的液体流动速度必须大于液滴的沉降速度。
固体物料混合机械
少量不溶解的粉状固体与液体的混合机理，与密度成分不同，互不相溶的液体的混合机理相同，只是搅拌不能改变粉状固体的粒度。若混合前固体颗粒不能使其沉降速度小于液体的流动速度，无论采用何种搅拌方式都形不成均匀的悬浮液。
不同膏状物的混合主要是将待混物料反复分割并使其受到压、辗、挤等动作所产生的强剪切作用，随后又经反复合并、捏合，最后达到所要求的混合程度。这种混合很难达到理想混合，仅能达到随机混合。粉状固体与少量液体混合后为膏状物，其混合机理与膏状物料混合的机理相同。
不同的热塑性物料以及热塑性物料与少量粉状固体的混合，需要依靠强剪切作用，反复地揉搓和捏合，才能达到随机混合。
常见的混合机有：方锥混合机，运动混合机，双锥混合机，双螺旋锥形混合机，无动力双轴桨叶混合机，卧式螺带混合机，立式高速混合机,V型混合机等。
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