耐热玻璃市场走俏 勿将钢化玻璃当耐热玻璃
发布日期:2012-08-15
阅读量:2040
随着消费者安全意识的逐步提升以及对玻璃制品安全、环保、卫生、易清洗等特点认识的逐步加深,同时也由于耐热玻璃生产技术日臻成熟和广泛应用,耐热玻璃早已走出了传统实验室玻璃仪器的使用范畴,大量耐热玻璃制餐具炊具进入了宾馆、饭店及普通百姓的生活中,从而加速了行业的蓬勃发展。耐热玻璃餐具炊具的耐热性能和产品的多样化系列化提高了人民的生活质量,丰富了人民的生活。

  什么是耐热玻璃

  伴随着耐热玻璃餐具炊具的普及使用,也出现了不容忽视的问题,耐热玻璃餐具炊具的概念不明确,产品没有明确、统一的质量标准,生产欠缺规范,市场上也出现了用普通钠钙玻璃冒充耐热玻璃等混淆视听的不良行为,甚至因此而造成了伤人事件的发生,严重损害了消费者的利益。

  那么什么样的玻璃才能称得上是耐热玻璃呢?耐热玻璃是一种承受急冷急热引起的热冲击能力强(热膨胀系数小),使用温度高(应变温度和软化温度高)的玻璃,也称硬质玻璃。

  耐热玻璃的主要性质是耐热冲击性,可在550℃高温环境下正常使用,独特的物理和化学性能决定了该玻璃是一种真正全能的、用途广泛的材料。耐热玻璃具有以下特点:具有优良的热学性能,抗热冲击性能好,膨胀系数小;具有较高的透光率和表面平整度;不仅具有较高的抗热冲击强度,还具有较高的表面硬度,可以防止刮痕;其密度比普通钠钙硅玻璃低12%左右;除了具有良好的抗酸抗碱性,它还具有相当好的抗水解性,比钠钙硅玻璃高两个等级,不会由于潮湿空气中的水分子作用而引起裂纹扩张。

  一般来说,耐热玻璃也是硼硅酸盐玻璃的别称,但是微晶玻璃、高铝玻璃和一些特种玻璃也因良好的耐热性而归类为耐热玻璃。耐热玻璃可以根据玻璃种类、用途、耐热温度等性质不同进行分类。

  耐热玻璃的用途非常广泛,主要用来制造实验室用耐热玻璃仪器、烧器和量器等。也可用于制造工业反应罐、反应釜、成套化工设备和输送管道等。在民用方面,用于制造烤盘、汤锅、各种餐饮器皿等。

  我国对耐热玻璃餐具尚无明确定义

  我们可以认为,用耐热玻璃制的餐具和炊具,才能是真正意义上的耐热玻璃餐具炊具。目前,我国对耐热玻璃餐具炊具还没有明确的标准定义。但日本等国家对此早就有具体的规定。

  在日本工业标准JISS2030对耐热玻璃餐具炊具做出如下的规定。1、指用于餐桌、厨房的耐热玻璃制的餐具和炊具,包括玻璃制的盛器和盖子;2、材质是硼硅酸盐玻璃、微晶玻璃或铝硅酸盐玻璃,膨胀系数在65×10-7/K0~300℃)以下。

  同时,根据耐热玻璃餐具炊具耐热温差的不同,又分为耐热和超耐热,耐热温差为120℃~400℃之间是耐热,耐热温差为400℃以上是超耐热。

  日本工业标准JISS2030还对耐热玻璃餐具炊具使用条件区别用语做出了明确规定。

  由此可见,耐热玻璃餐具炊具必须具备两个基本条件:一是材质,即是由硼硅酸盐玻璃、微晶玻璃或铝硅酸盐玻璃制作而成;二是该材料的膨胀系数必须小于65×10-7/K0~300℃)。目前在国内市场上常见的主要是硼硅酸盐玻璃制和微晶玻璃制耐热玻璃餐具炊具。

  钢化玻璃本质上不属于耐热玻璃

  但我们在市场上还常见标有钢化耐热玻璃或耐热钢化玻璃字样的玻璃器皿。所谓钢化玻璃是钠钙玻璃成形后,通过风冷、离子交换等方法,使机械强度和热冲击强度提高的强化玻璃,根据耐热玻璃的定义可以判断,钢化玻璃本质上不属于耐热玻璃。在钢化玻璃的标准附录A中(GB15763.2),有这样一段说明:由于玻璃中存在着微小的硫化镍结石,在热处理后一部分结石随着时间会发生晶态变化,体积增大,在玻璃内部引发微裂纹,从而可能导致钢化玻璃自爆。在国内外也有钢化玻璃器皿在微波炉中使用爆炸伤人的报道,因此不建议消费者选购钢化玻璃器皿放入微波炉或烤箱中使用。

  据悉,为保障消费者的人身安全和切身利益,也为了提高耐热玻璃制品的质量,规范耐热玻璃制品行业的生产行为,引导耐热玻璃制品行业健康有序发展,让消费者对耐热玻璃制品有更多的知情权、选择权,真正做到明明白白消费,安安心心使用,中国日用玻璃协会根据有关专家和企业的建议,参照和借鉴国内外的成功做法,拟在我国耐热玻璃行业实施加贴耐热玻璃制品标识的工作,目前已制定出《耐热玻璃制品使用证明标识管理办法》,后续工作将陆续开展,相信这将是让消费者做到安全消费的一个福音。

 

专栏:行业资讯
作者: 金宗机械
原文链接: 阅读原文
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FreeMarker template error (HTML_DEBUG mode; use RETHROW in production!)

The following has evaluated to null or missing:
==> langConfig  [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 14]

----
Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing</#if>. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)??
----

----
FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
	- Failed at: #if langConfig.status?string = "false"  [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 9]
	- Reached through: #include "/public_include/wap/module/...  [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/com_5.html" at line 5, column 1]
	- Reached through: #include "com_5.html"  [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/displaynews.html" at line 69, column 6]
----

Java stack trace (for programmers):
----
freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...]
	at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134)
	at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.newDesciptionBuilder(UnexpectedTypeException.java:80)
	at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.<init>(UnexpectedTypeException.java:43)
	at freemarker.core.NonHashException.<init>(NonHashException.java:49)
	at freemarker.core.Dot._eval(Dot.java:48)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81)
	at freemarker.core.BuiltInsForMultipleTypes$stringBI._eval(BuiltInsForMultipleTypes.java:692)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81)
	at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.compare(EvalUtil.java:111)
	at freemarker.core.ComparisonExpression.evalToBoolean(ComparisonExpression.java:62)
	at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:48)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509)
	at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509)
	at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:306)
	at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.processEnvironment(FreemarkerServlet.java:946)
	at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.process(FreemarkerServlet.java:910)
	at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.doGet(FreemarkerServlet.java:769)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:292)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at com.kenfor.iyong.web.util.filter.NotAllowedToTunFilesFilter.doFilter(NotAllowedToTunFilesFilter.java:154)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at com.kenfor.iyong.web.util.filter.InvalidXSSFilter.doFilter(InvalidXSSFilter.java:40)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:121)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:212)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106)
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502)
	at com.orangefunction.tomcat.redissessions.RedisSessionHandlerValve.invoke(RedisSessionHandlerValve.java:26)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:141)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:616)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:528)
	at org.apache.coyote.ajp.AbstractAjpProcessor.process(AbstractAjpProcessor.java:873)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:687)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1520)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1476)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

FreeMarker template error: The following has evaluated to null or missing: ==> langConfig [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 14] ---- Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)?? ---- ---- FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related): - Failed at: #if langConfig.status?string = "false" [in template "public_include/wap/module/version_1/language.html" at line 49, column 9] - Reached through: #include "/public_include/wap/module/... [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/com_5.html" at line 5, column 1] - Reached through: #include "com_5.html" [in template "tpl/2018/03/17/2613443926933696//wap/displaynews.html" at line 69, column 6] ---- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---- freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134) at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.newDesciptionBuilder(UnexpectedTypeException.java:80) at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.(UnexpectedTypeException.java:43) at freemarker.core.NonHashException.(NonHashException.java:49) at freemarker.core.Dot._eval(Dot.java:48) at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81) at freemarker.core.BuiltInsForMultipleTypes$stringBI._eval(BuiltInsForMultipleTypes.java:692) at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.compare(EvalUtil.java:111) at freemarker.core.ComparisonExpression.evalToBoolean(ComparisonExpression.java:62) at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:48) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333) at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509) at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333) at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509) at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:306) at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.processEnvironment(FreemarkerServlet.java:946) at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.process(FreemarkerServlet.java:910) at freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet.doGet(FreemarkerServlet.java:769) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:292) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at com.kenfor.iyong.web.util.filter.NotAllowedToTunFilesFilter.doFilter(NotAllowedToTunFilesFilter.java:154) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at com.kenfor.iyong.web.util.filter.InvalidXSSFilter.doFilter(InvalidXSSFilter.java:40) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:121) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:212) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502) at com.orangefunction.tomcat.redissessions.RedisSessionHandlerValve.invoke(RedisSessionHandlerValve.java:26) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:141) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79) at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:616) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:528) at org.apache.coyote.ajp.AbstractAjpProcessor.process(AbstractAjpProcessor.java:873) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:687) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1520) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1476) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)