一文了解：不同涂料及其主流生产工艺
发布日期：2023-12-05
阅读量：1705
什么是涂料
涂料是油漆的一种，是涂于物体表面能形成具有保护装饰或特殊性能(如绝缘、防腐、标志等)的固态涂膜的一类液体或固体材料之总称。 其发展历程可分为三个阶段：
涂料的分类
从应用领域来看，涂料可以分为建筑涂料、工业涂料、通用涂料及辅助材料。
建筑涂料具有装饰功能、保护功能和居住性改进功能，主要包括墙面涂料、防水涂料、功能性建筑涂料；
工业涂料主要作用是保护，其次才是装饰，包括汽车涂料、木器涂料、军工涂料、船舶涂料、轨道交通涂料、钢结构涂料；
通用涂料及辅助材料主要包括清漆、腻子、调和漆以及其他通用涂料。
主流工艺
01
油性涂料，以氨基烘干清漆为例
生产流程：氨基树脂、醇酸树脂→混合(丁醇、二甲苯)→混合(硅油)→过滤→产品
生产工艺：将低醚化度三聚氰胺树脂、37%十一烯酸醇酸树脂与二甲苯、丁醇混合均匀，加入有机硅油溶液，充分调配均匀，过滤。
02
粉末涂料，以白环氧粉末涂料为例
生产流程：环氧树脂→粉碎→预混合(其余物料)→挤压成片→粉碎→过筛→包装
生产工艺：将环氧树脂粉碎后，与其余物料预混合，通过计量槽和螺旋进料机送入粉末涂料螺旋挤出机，挤出机加热温度控制在120℃，挤出物压制成薄片，冷却后打成碎片，再经微粉机粉碎筛分后包装。
03
腻子，以各色过氯乙烯腻子为例
生产流程：过氯乙烯树脂液→溶解(醇酸树脂、顺酐树脂)→混合(其余原料)→研磨→成品
生产工艺：先将过氯乙烯树脂液与长油度亚麻油醇酸树脂、顺丁烯二酸酐树脂液混合溶解，再加入其余原料搅拌均匀，送入三辊机中研磨，至细腻均匀后，即得到成品。
04
水性涂料，以水溶性氨基涂料为例
生产流程：氧化锌、焦磷酸钠、β-萘磺酸甲醛缩合物、部分水→研磨→混合(其余物料)→过滤→成品
生产工艺：将氧化锌、焦磷酸钠、β-萘磺酸甲醛缩合物和1.88份水混合研磨(在球磨机中研磨20h)，然后将得到的稳定性防腐蚀颜料与其余组分混合，过滤得到水性涂料。
05
UV光固化涂料，以光固化环氧清漆为例
生产工艺：将各物料混合均匀，研轧后过滤。
06
建筑涂料，以乳胶漆为例
生产流程：水→杀微生物剂→成膜助剂→增稠剂→颜料分散剂→消泡剂、润湿剂→颜填料→乳液→调整剂→其他助剂→水和/或增稠剂溶液。
金宗企业有着20多年涂料生产设备制造经验，以更质的产品和解决方案赋能用户降本增效，推动数智化转型，打造安全、环保、高效、智能的未来涂料工厂，助力中国制造高质量可持续发展。
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